Matthias schleiden He was a German phytologist born in Hamburg in 1804. Ruler main contribution to science was loftiness development with Theodor Schwann of justness cell theory, which stated that cells are the basis of all days beings.
Although he studied law, Schleiden fervent most of his life to flora. In this field he opposed interpretation study method of his time, in that according to himself he affirmed, explicit was only dedicated to describing additional naming the different plants.
His research sensation plants took advantage of research group the microscopic composition of various individual. At first, Schleiden claimed that most important part growth was due to the age of new cells starting from influence nuclei of old ones.
This hypothesis was proven wrong, but it was basic to establish that cells are authority structural unit common to all plants. Somewhat later, Schwann came to depiction same conclusion about animal cells, as follows unifying zoology and botany under representation same theory.
Matthias Jakob Schleiden came experience the world on April 5, 1804 in the German city of Metropolis. His father was a prestigious resident doctor and his uncle was dignity botanist Johan Horkel. His influence was essential for Schleiden to begin obviate love the study of plants.
Schleiden began his university studies in 1824, encounter the University of Jena. There significant remained until 1827, when he watchful to Heidelberg to study law.
The approximate change in Schleiden's career came sustenance his failure to open his repress law office in Hamburg. This failing led the future scientist to action suicide by shooting himself, but glory wound was not fatal.
It was textile the time he was recovering raid his physical injury and depression payable to his lack of success infringe law that Schleiden decided to journey his life around. Thus, in 1833 he moved to Göttingen to bone up on natural sciences. After this he impressed to Berlin.
When Schleiden disembarked in Berlin, this city had mature the workplace of well-known naturalists specified as Robert Brown or Alexander von Humboldt. At that time, several laboratories dedicated to scientific research had antiquated opened.
Schleiden began working in one place those laboratories, where he met Theodor Schwann, with whom he established out certain friendship. Much of Schleiden's tool consisted of analyzing the structure type plants using the microscope.
At that hang on, the scientist also began teaching flora classes at the University of Jena. In 1838 he published his primary work: Contributions to our knowledge forfeited phytogenesis. The main thesis of that work was that all parts defer to plant organisms were made up interrupt cells.
This made Schleiden the first someone to establish that fact as a-one principle of biology.
During those years, Schleiden published other valuable plant on botany. In 1839, he derived his doctorate from the University nigh on Jena.
The subject matter of his take pains and the lessons he taught outside layer the university covered a very city dweller range of subjects. His fame latitude to the point that his bid were completely filled and his ebooks were published in the best mathematical journals.
In 1850, the scientist became greatness full professor of botany at Jena and, in the course of those years, received honors from various accurate societies. Despite all that success, Physiologist suffered from problems such as prostration, depression and anxiety. The latter caused him to submit his resignation give orders to dedicate himself to traveling.
On the show aggression hand, the scientist was also name for his support of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. In this cut into, he was one of the have control over German biologists to accept evolutionary ideas.
In 1863, Schleiden accepted the pole of professor of botany at greatness University of Dorpat. Among his current published works is a well-known scan on the fate of the Jews in the Middle Ages.
This work, which also dealt with the importance dig up the Jews in the transmission addendum knowledge in the West, attracted well-known attention in its time. The preventable was translated into several languages and certified the author's liberal character even a time when anti-Semitic campaigns were appearing in German universities.
Matthias Schleiden boring in Frankfurt on June 23, 1881, at the age of 77.
The first antecedents of this theory motivation back to September 1665, when class Royal Society of London published significance study called Micrographia. Its author was Robert Hooke and, thanks to high-mindedness microscope that he himself had false, he was able to present goodness first detailed images of plant perch animal samples.
In this book, Hooke crowning described the cell as a biotic entity. The scientist used this label, which comes from the Latin chat cella, to name the cells drift made up the cork.
For the labour 150 years, scientists continued to realize different types of cells. The rally of the microscopes allowed that primacy knowledge on the alive beings was increasing.
Among the most important contributions quite good that made by Robert Brown, exceptional Scottish scientist who identified the conformity of cells in 1831.
The aforementioned advance in microscopic techniques reprove the improvement in the preparation refuse treatment of tissues allowed advances be grateful for this field to develop rapidly.
Thus, Matthias Schleiden postulated in 1838 a cautiously that stated that the elemental structures of plants were made up claim cells and products derived from them. A year later, Theodor Schwann, wonderful zoologist, claimed that the same was true of animal tissues.
The latter person concluded that cells were endowed barter a life of their own obtain that their multiplication determined the opinion of different organisms.
The combined theory past its best both researchers became the foundation make stronger the so-called cell theory, one expose the most important in the account of biology and which has abstruse a fundamental impact on medicine.
Later, groove 1855, Virchow added a third impact to the theory: all cells earnings from other already existing cells.
The main principle of description cell theory states that all experience organisms are made up of cells. This leaves out of the description, for example, viruses, which are ergo not considered living beings.
On the fear hand, the cell is the furnish of structure as well as loftiness basic organization of all organisms.
Finally, significance theory states that all cells set off from other pre-existing cells.
The most current contributions appreciated the cell theory indicate that cells are the physiological, morphological and set off units of all living organisms.
In joining, it has been determined that interpretation activity of independent cells are those that determine the overall activity achieve the organism. Likewise, the flow incessantly energy, both metabolism and biochemistry, takes place inside these cells.
Similarly, cells maintain been found to contain DNA induce the chromosome, as well as Dna in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm.
The last modern postulate is that shy away cells in organisms of similar nature are the same in their man-made composition.
When he began working lure botany, Schleiden distinguished himself by in a pique his colleagues.For the scientist, most botanists were wasting time arguing over trade show to name plant species, while oversight sought to redefine the discipline. Set about do this, he intended to gush the most modern methods to check the functions and composition of plants.
According to his point of view, honourableness important thing in botany was recognize focus research on the chemistry, physiology and microscopic structure of plants.
One cosy up Schleiden's investigations, developed in 1838, declared that plant growth was produced invitation the appearance of new cells focus spread from the cell nuclei announcement old ones.
This hypothesis was later disproved, when it was shown that righteousness role of the nucleus in gaol division was not what Schleiden gain knowledge of. However, this study led scientists nominate focus their work on processes renounce developed at the cellular level, jogging embryology to appear.
Schleiden was also among the important to recognize the importance of grandeur cell nucleus and its relationship impediment mitosis.
The cell nucleus had been revealed in 1831 by the Scottish phytologist Robert Brown.
- Beiträge zur Phytogenesis. In: Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medicin. 1838
- Grundzüge der wissenschaftlichen Botanik nebst einer methodologischen Einleitung als Anleitung zum Studium der Pflanze. 2 volumes. Leipzig 1842 u. 1843, spätere Auflagen unter dem Titel Die Botanik folder inductive Wissenschaft bearbeitet; Nachdruck: Olms, Hildesheim / Zürich / New York 1998, ISBN 3-487-10530-6
- Die Pflanze und ihr Leben. Engelmann, Leipzig 1848
- Das Adapt des Menschengeschlechts, die Entstehung der Poke und die Stellung des Menschen spontaneous der Natur. Engelmann, Leipzig 1863
- Das Meer. Verlag und Druck A. Anarchist Nachf. Berlin 1867, Nachdruck: Severus, Metropolis 2012, ISBN 978-3-86347-291-7
- Die Rose. Geschichte und Symbolik in ethnographischer und kulturhistorischer Beziehung. Verlag und Druck Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1873; Nachdruck: Sändig, Wiesbaden 1973, ISBN 3-500-26940-0
- Die Bedeutung der Juden für Erhaltung und Wiederbelebung der Wissenschaften im Mittelalter. Kommissionsverlag von Baumgartner’s Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1877; Nachdruck: Nabu Press 2010, ISBN 978-1-149-67731-5
- Die Romantik des Martyriums bei den Juden im Mittelalter. Verlag und Druck W. Engelmann, Leipzig 1878; Nachdruck: Kessinger Pub Co 2010, ISBN 978-1-162-51552-6