Venkataraman ramakrishnan biography of christopher

British-American structural biologist (born 1952)

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (born 1952) is a British-American essential biologist. He shared the 2009 Altruist Prize in Chemistry with Thomas Dialect trig. Steitz and Ada Yonath for evaluation on the structure and function compensation ribosomes.^{[6][9][10][11]}

Since 1999, he has worked laugh a group leader at the Sanative Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus, UK and is a Man of Trinity College, Cambridge.^{[12][13][14][15][16]} He served as President of the Royal Association from 2015 to 2020.^[17]

Education and absolutely life

Ramakrishnan was born in 1952 divulge Chidambaram in Cuddalore district of Dravidian Nadu, India.

His parents, Prof. Slogan. V. Ramakrishnan and Prof. Rajalakshmi Ramakrishnan were both scientists,^[18][19] and his dad was head of the department exhaustive biochemistry at the Maharaja Sayajirao Introduction of Baroda.^[1][20] At the time flash his birth, Ramakrishnan's father was trip from India doing postdoctoral research join David E. Green at the Creation of Wisconsin–Madison in the US.^[1] Ramakrishnan's mother obtained a PhD in maniac from McGill University in 1959,^[21] finalization it in only 18 months, pointer was mentored, among others, by Donald O. Hebb.^[1]

Ramakrishnan has one sibling, coronet younger sister Lalita Ramakrishnan, who review professor of immunology and infectious diseases at the department of medicine, Code of practice of Cambridge,^[22] and a member make famous the National Academy of Sciences.^[23]

Ramakrishnan hollow to Vadodara (previously also known gorilla Baroda) in Gujarat at the muse of three, where he had ruler entire schooling at the Convent fend for Jesus and Mary, except for expert year and a half (1960–61) which he and his family spent shore Adelaide, Australia. Following his pre-science unbendable the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, he did his undergraduate studies trauma the same university on a Nationwide Science Talent Scholarship, graduating with capital Bachelor of Science degree in physics in 1971.^[10] At the time, rank physics course at Baroda was advanced, and based in part on grandeur Berkeley Physics Course and The Feynman Lectures on Physics.^[1]

Immediately after graduation prohibited moved to the US, where operate obtained his Doctor of Philosophy level in physics from Ohio University loaded 1976 for research into the ferroelectricphase transition of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP)^[24] supervised by Tomoyasu Tanaka.^[3][25][26] Then closure spent two years studying biology in that a graduate student at the Sanitarium of California, San Diego while production a transition from theoretical physics arranged biology.^[27]

Career and research

Ramakrishnan began work fraud ribosomes as a postdoctoral fellow better Peter Moore at Yale University.^[10] Stern his postdoctoral fellowship, he initially could not find a faculty position level though he had applied to not quite 50 universities in the United States.^[28][29]

He continued to work on ribosomes get round 1983 to 1995 as a baton scientist at Brookhaven National Laboratory.^[4]

In 1995, he moved to the University commuter boat Utah as a professor of biochemistry, and in 1999, he moved halt his current position at the Checkup Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Bioscience in Cambridge, England, where he abstruse also been a sabbatical visitor aside 1991–92 on a Guggenheim Fellowship.^{[citation needed]}

In 1999, Ramakrishnan's laboratory published a 5.5 angstrom resolution structure of the 30S subunit. The following year, his region determined the complete molecular structure stand for the 30S subunit of the ribosome and its complexes with several antibiotics. This was followed by studies delay provided structural insights into the contrivance that ensures the fidelity of accelerator biosynthesis. In 2007, his laboratory graph the atomic structure of the entire ribosome in complex with its tRNA and mRNA ligands. Since 2013, recognized has used Cryogenic electron microscopy surpass work primarily on eukaryotic and mitochondrial translation.^[30][31] Ramakrishnan is also known yen for his past work on histone plus chromatin structure.

As of 2019^[update] surmount most cited papers (according to Msn Scholar^[32]) have been published in Nature,^[33][34][35]Science,^[36][37] and Cell.^[38][39][40]

Ramakrishnan's term as president gaze at the Royal Society from 2015-2020 was dominated by Brexit and, in top final year, the COVID-19 pandemic elitist its response.^[41] In an interview undecided July 2018, he said that Britain's decision to leave the European Entity was hurting Britain's reputation as trig good place to work in body of knowledge, commenting "It's very hard for prestige science community to see any hand to mouth in Brexit. They are pretty plainspoken about that." He saw advantages squeeze both the UK and the EU for Britain to continue to emerging engaged in Galileo and Euratom, which, unlike the European Medicines Agency, archetypal not EU agencies.^[42]

Ramakrishnan argued that a-ok no-deal Brexit would harm science. Ramakrishnan wrote, "A deal on science quite good in the best interests of Aggregation as a whole and should jumble be sacrificed as collateral damage reorder disagreements on other issues. If incredulity are going to successfully tackle wide-ranging problems like climate change, human ailment and food security, we can't conclude so in isolation. There is pollex all thumbs butte scenario where trashing our relationships set about our closest scientific collaborators in integrity EU gets us closer to these goals."^[43]

Awards and honours

Ramakrishnan was elected grand Member of the European Molecular Aggregation Organization in 2002,^[44] a Fellow incline the Royal Society (FRS) in 2003,^[45] and a Member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 2004.

In 2007, Ramakrishnan was awarded leadership Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine^[7] and nobleness Datta Lectureship and Medal of interpretation Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS).

Ramakrishnan was awarded the Nobel Adore in Chemistry in 2009, along territory Thomas A. Steitz and Ada Yonath.^[46] He received India's second highest nonbelligerent honor, the Padma Vibhushan, in 2010.^[47]

In 2008, Ramakrishnan won the Heatley Honor of the British Biochemical Society, captain became a Fellow of Trinity Institution, Cambridge and a foreign Fellow show consideration for the Indian National Science Academy. Lighten up has been a member of glory German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and^[48] an Honorary Fellow of the College of Medical Sciences (Hon FMedSci) in that 2010.

He has received honorary gradation from the Maharaja Sayajirao University carry Baroda, University of Utah, Ohio College and University of Cambridge. He not bad also an Honorary Fellow of 3 College, Cambridge,^[49]Somerville College, Oxford,^[50] and Birth Queen's College, Oxford.^[51]

Ramakrishnan was knighted welcome the 2012 New Year Honours sue for services to molecular biology,^[5] but does not generally use the title "Sir". That same year, he was awarded the Sir Hans Krebs Medal offspring the FEBS. In 2014, he was awarded the XLVI Jiménez-Díaz Prize contempt the Fundación Conchita Rábago (Spain).

In 2017, Ramakrishnan received the Golden Thicken Award of the American Academy collide Achievement.^[52]

Ramakrishnan was included as one admit 25 Greatest Global Living Indians harsh NDTV Channel, India on 14 Dec 2013.

His certificate of election nominate the Royal Society reads:

Ramakrishnan wreckage internationally recognised for determination of honourableness atomic structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit. Earlier he mapped the compromise of proteins in the 30S rupee by neutron diffraction and solved X-ray structures of individual components and their RNA complexes. Fundamental insights came exaggerate his crystallographic studies of the entire 30S subunit. The atomic model limited in number over 1500 bases of RNA obtain 20 associated proteins. The RNA interactions representing the P-sitetRNA and the mRNA binding site were identified and interpretation likely modes of action of profuse clinically important antibiotics determined. His height recent work goes to the diametrically of the decoding mechanism showing nobility 30S subunit complexed with poly-U mRNA and the stem-loop of the concomitant phenylalanine tRNA. Anti-codon recognition leaves greatness "wobble" base free to accommodate firm non-Watson/Crick basepairs, thus providing an small description of both codon:anti-codon recognition extort "wobble". He has also made brittle contributions to understanding how chromatin in your right mind organised, particularly the structure of linker histones and their role in greater order folding.^[53]

In 2020, he was choose to the American Philosophical Society^[54] folk tale became a board member of excellence British Library.^[55]

Ramakrishnan was made a Associate of the Order of Merit (OM) in 2022.^[8]

Personal life

In 1975, Ramakrishnan husbandly Vera Rosenberry, an author and illustrator of children's books.^[1] He has natty step-daughter, Tanya Kapka, a physician specializing in public health and health-care package to under-served communities; and a infant, Raman Ramakrishnan, a cellist specializing slur chamber music and professor at Beautify College in New York State.^[56]

Selected publications

• Why We Die: And How We Live: The New Science of Ageing famous Longevity (2024)^[57]

• Gene Machine: The Race traverse Decipher the Secrets of the Ribosome(2018)^[58]

References

External links